Brunei Darussalam is a multilingual nation, with Malay (Bahasa Melayu) as the official language. It is the primary language used in government, education, and everyday communication. However, English is also widely spoken, particularly in business, administration, and international relations. The prevalence of English makes it easier for visitors and expatriates to navigate daily life, as many signs, official documents, and conversations in urban areas incorporate both Malay and English. Additionally, Arabic holds a significant place in religious and educational contexts, especially in Islamic studies, prayers, and Quranic recitations.
Beyond the dominant languages, Brunei is home to several indigenous communities that preserve their linguistic heritage. Languages such as Iban, Dusun, and Kedayan are spoken by various ethnic groups, each contributing to the nation’s cultural diversity. The Iban people, originally from the interior regions of Borneo, have a rich oral tradition, while the Dusun and Kedayan communities maintain their languages through daily interactions and traditional ceremonies. Despite the influence of modernization, these languages continue to be passed down through generations, ensuring their survival in Brunei’s multicultural landscape.
For visitors, learning a few basic Malay phrases can be helpful in social interactions and everyday situations. Simple greetings, such as Salam Sejahtera (Greetings / Peace be upon you), can create a friendly impression when meeting locals. Expressing gratitude with Terima Kasih (Thank you) is always appreciated, while practical phrases like Berapa harga ini? (How much is this?) and Di mana tandas? (Where is the toilet?) can assist in shopping or navigating public spaces. Even though many Bruneians understand English, using Malay phrases can enhance cultural appreciation and foster positive interactions with locals.
Language plays a crucial role in Brunei’s identity, reflecting the nation’s strong ties to its Malay heritage and Islamic traditions. The integration of English demonstrates the country’s global outlook and adaptability, while indigenous languages highlight the diversity within the population. Whether engaging in formal business discussions, exploring local markets, or participating in cultural festivities, language serves as a bridge that connects people and traditions.
In Brunei, linguistic harmony is evident in the way different languages coexist within daily life. From bilingual road signs to multilingual conversations, the nation embraces its linguistic diversity while maintaining a strong commitment to its national language. For travelers and expatriates, this blend of languages makes communication more accessible while providing an opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of Brunei Darussalam.